开发环境配置

大约 6 分钟

开发环境配置

获取和设置环境的方式

获取注册表环境变量

通用获取 reg query

# 获取用户环境
reg query "HKCU\Environment" /v Path
# 获取系统环境
reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path

PowerShell 获取的注册表变量

获取的是转换后的实际路径地址，暂时没发现获取未转换的方式^[1]

# 详细信息
Get-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Environment" -Name "Path"
# 只获取值
Get-ItemPropertyValue -Path "HKCU:\Environment" -Name "Path"

获取运行环境变量

获取的环境变量都是转换后的实际路径地址，如果要修改新增建议使用注册通用表方式获取。

PowerShell

# 获取全部环境变量
ls env:
Get-ChildItem Env:
# 获取单个环境变量
ls env:Path
$env:Path

CMD

REM 获取全部环境变量
set
REM 获取单个环境变量
set Path
echo %Path%

设置环境变量

通用设置环境变量 setx ，会根据内容是否带有 %Name% 自动判断保存类型， /M 表示系统变量。
PowerShell [environment]::SetEnvironmentvariable PowerShell 中设置的环境，必须是绝对路径不能带有 %Name% 的拼接，最终注册表类型是REG_SZ

PowerShell

setx __MY_DEVSOFTWARE "D:\Develop" /M
# 设置用户环境变量
[environment]::SetEnvironmentvariable("__MY_DEVSOFTWARE", "D:\Develop", "User")
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("__MY_DEVSOFTWARE", "D:\Develop", [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
# 设置系统环境变量
[environment]::SetEnvironmentvariable("__MY_DEVSOFTWARE", "D:\Develop", "Machine")
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("__MY_DEVSOFTWARE", "D:\Develop", [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

CMD

REM 设置用户环境变量
setx __MY_DEVSOFTWARE "D:\Develop"
REM 设置系统环境变量
setx __MY_DEVSOFTWARE "D:\Develop" /M

设置注册表环境变量

PowerShell New-ItemProperty 添加注册表

可通过 -PropertyType 指定添加的属性类型。此参数的可接受值为：

String：指定以 null 结尾的字符串。用于 REG_SZ 值。
ExpandString：指定一个以 null 结尾的字符串，该字符串包含对环境变量的未扩展的引用，这些引用会在检索值时扩展。用于 REG_EXPAND_SZ 值。
Binary：指定采用任意格式的二进制数据。用于 REG_BINARY 值。
DWord：指定一个 32 位的二进制数字。用于 REG_DWORD 值。
MultiString：指定一个包含以 null 结尾的字符串的数组，该数组以两个 null 字符结尾。用于 REG_MULTI_SZ 值。
Qword：指定一个 64 位的二进制数字。用于 REG_QWORD 值。
Unknown：指示不受支持的注册表数据类型，例如 REG_RESOURCE_LIST 值。

PowerShell

# 设置用户环境变量
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Environment" -Name "ANDROID_HOME_ROOT" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Value "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\Android\Sdk" -Force
# 设置系统环境变量
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" -Name "JAVA_HOME" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Value "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\JDK\current" -Force

CMD

REM 设置用户环境变量
reg add HKCU\Environment /v ANDROID_HOME_ROOT /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d ^%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE^%\Android\Sdk /f
REM 设置系统环境变量
reg add "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v ANDROID_HOME_ROOT /t REG_EXPAND_SZ /d ^%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE^%\JDK\current /f

常用命令

PowerShell

# Test-Path 来检查注册表项或属性
if (-not (Test-Path -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\YourKey"))
# 在脚本块内创建变量 -Scope 限定作用域
New-Variable -Name "MyVariable" -Value "MyValue" -Scope Script

CMD

REM refreshenv 命令重新加载环境变量

常用开发工具配置

setx __MY_DEVSOFTWARE "D:\Develop" /M

Git

PowerShell

$env:_OldPath = (reg query 'reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' /v Path) -split "`n" | Where-Object { $_ -match '\s*Path\s*REG_EXPAND_SZ\s*(.+)'} | ForEach-Object { $Matches[1] }
setx Path "$env:_OldPath;%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\Git\cmd" /M

CMD

for /f "tokens=3,*" %i in ('reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path ^| findstr /r /c:"^[ ]*Path"') do set "_OldPath=%i"
setx Path %_OldPath%;^%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE^%\Git\cmd /M

Git 代理配置^[2]

ssh

# %USERPROFILE%\.ssh\config
# ~/.ssh/config

Host *
    ServerAliveInterval 60
Host github.com
   # ssh.github.com 详见 https://help.github.com/articles/using-ssh-over-the-https-port/
   HostName github.com
   User git
   # HTTP 代理
   # ProxyCommand socat - PROXY:<proxy_host>:%h:%p,proxyport=<proxy_port>
   # Linux/Mac socks5 代理
   # ProxyCommand nc -v -x <socks_host>:<socks_port> %h %p
   # Windows socks5 代理
   ProxyCommand connect -S <socks_host>:<socks_port> -a none %h %p

# 多帐号多证书别名
Host <alias>.github.com
   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa_<alias>
   HostName github.com
   User git
   ProxyCommand connect -S <socks_host>:<socks_port> -a none %h %p

http

git config --global http.proxy http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>
git config --global https.proxy http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>

JDK

设置到用户环境

PowerShell

New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Environment" -Name "JAVA_HOME" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Value "%USERPROFILE%\.jdks\temurin-17.0.9" -Force
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Environment" -Name "CLASSPATH" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Value ".;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;" -Force
$env:_OldUPath = (reg query 'HKCU\Environment' /v Path) -split "`n" | Where-Object { $_ -match '\s*Path\s*REG_EXPAND_SZ\s*(.+)'} | ForEach-Object { $Matches[1] }
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\Environment" -Name "Path" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Value "$env:_OldUPath;%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\jre\bin" -Force

CMD

setx JAVA_HOME ^%USERPROFILE^%\.jdks\temurin-17.0.9
setx CLASSPATH .;^%JAVA_HOME^%\lib\dt.jar;^%JAVA_HOME^%\lib\tools.jar;
for /f "tokens=3,*" %i in ('reg query "HKCU\Environment" /v Path ^| findstr /r /c:"^[ ]*Path"') do set "_OldUPath=%i"
setx Path %_OldUPath%;^%JAVA_HOME^%\bin;^%JAVA_HOME^%\jre\bin

设置到系统环境

PowerShell

New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" -Name "JAVA_HOME" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Value "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\JDK\current" -Force
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" -Name "CLASSPATH" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Value ".;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar;" -Force
$env:_OldPath = (reg query 'HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' /v Path) -split "`n" | Where-Object { $_ -match '\s*Path\s*REG_EXPAND_SZ\s*(.+)'} | ForEach-Object { $Matches[1] }
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKCU:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" -Name "Path" -PropertyType "ExpandString" -Value "$env:_OldPath;%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\jre\bin" -Force

CMD

mklink /D "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\JDK" "%USERPROFILE%\.jdks\temurin-17.0.9"
setx JAVA_HOME ^%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE^%\JDK\current /M
setx CLASSPATH .;^%JAVA_HOME^%\lib\dt.jar;^%JAVA_HOME^%\lib\tools.jar; /M
for /f "tokens=3,*" %i in ('reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment" /v Path ^| findstr /r /c:"^[ ]*Path"') do set "_OldPath=%i"
setx Path %_OldPath%;^%JAVA_HOME^%\bin;^%JAVA_HOME^%\jre\bin /M

Android

PowerShell

# SDK 路径
setx ANDROID_SDK_ROOT "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\Android\Sdk"
# setx ANDROID_HOME "%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT%"
# setx ANDROID_ROOT "%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT%"
# setx ANDROID_NDK "%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT%\ndk-bundle"
# 模拟器路径
# set ANDROID_SDK_HOME "%USERPROFILE%\.android"
$env:_OldUPath = (reg query 'HKCU\Environment' /v Path) -split "`n" | Where-Object { $_ -match '\s*Path\s*REG_EXPAND_SZ\s*(.+)'} | ForEach-Object { $Matches[1] }
setx Path "$env:_OldUPath;%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT%\tools;%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT%\platform-tools"

CMD

REM SDK 路径
setx ANDROID_SDK_ROOT ^%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE^%\Android\Sdk
REM setx ANDROID_HOME ^%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT^%
REM setx ANDROID_ROOT ^%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT^%
REM setx ANDROID_NDK ^%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT^%\ndk\current
REM 模拟器路径
REM set ANDROID_SDK_HOME ^%USERPROFILE^%\.android
for /f "tokens=3,*" %i in ('reg query "HKCU\Environment" /v Path ^| findstr /r /c:"^[ ]*Path"') do set "_OldUPath=%i"
setx Path %_OldUPath%;^%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT^%\tools;^%ANDROID_SDK_ROOT^%\platform-tools

Flutter

PowerShell

# mklink /D "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\.pub-cache" "%LOCALAPPDATA%\Pub\Cache"

setx PUB_HOSTED_URL "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
setx FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL "https://storage.flutter-io.cn"

setx FLUTTER_HOME "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\flutter"
setx FLUTTER_HOME_DART "%FLUTTER_HOME%\bin\cache\dart-sdk"
setx FLUTTER_PUB_CACHE "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\.pub-cache"
setx PUB_CACHE "%FLUTTER_PUB_CACHE%"
# setx FLUTTER_ROOT "%FLUTTER_HOME%"
# setx DART_HOME "%FLUTTER_HOME_DART%"

$env:_OldUPath = (reg query 'HKCU\Environment' /v Path) -split "`n" | Where-Object { $_ -match '\s*Path\s*REG_EXPAND_SZ\s*(.+)'} | ForEach-Object { $Matches[1] }
setx Path "$env:_OldUPath;%FLUTTER_HOME%\bin;%FLUTTER_HOME_DART%\bin;%FLUTTER_PUB_CACHE%\bin"

CMD

REM mklink /D "%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE%\.pub-cache" "%LOCALAPPDATA%\Pub\Cache"

setx PUB_HOSTED_URL "https://pub.flutter-io.cn"
setx FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL "https://storage.flutter-io.cn"

setx FLUTTER_HOME ^%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE^%\flutter
setx FLUTTER_HOME_DART ^%FLUTTER_HOME^%\bin\cache\dart-sdk
setx FLUTTER_PUB_CACHE ^%__MY_DEVSOFTWARE^%\.pub-cache
setx PUB_CACHE ^%FLUTTER_PUB_CACHE^%
REM setx FLUTTER_ROOT ^%FLUTTER_HOME^%
REM setx DART_HOME ^%FLUTTER_HOME_DART^%

for /f "tokens=3,*" %i in ('reg query "HKCU\Environment" /v Path ^| findstr /r /c:"^[ ]*Path"') do if not defined _OldUPath set "_OldUPath=%i"
setx Path %_OldUPath%;^%FLUTTER_HOME^%\bin;^%FLUTTER_HOME_DART^%\bin;^%FLUTTER_PUB_CACHE^%\bin

Windows Kit

REM D:\Windows Kits\10\Windows Performance Toolkit\

代理设置

PowerShell

# 设置代理
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("http_proxy", "http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>", "User")
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("https_proxy", "http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>", "User")
# 取消设置
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("http_proxy", $null, "User")
[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("https_proxy", $null, "User")
# Git
git config --global http.proxy http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>
git config --global https.proxy http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>

CMD

REM 设置代理
setx http_proxy "http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>"
setx https_proxy "http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>"
REM 取消设置
reg delete HKCU\Environment /F /V http_proxy
reg delete HKCU\Environment /F /V https_proxy
git config --global http.proxy http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>
git config --global https.proxy http://<proxy_host>:<proxy_port>

vmoptions

-Dhttp.proxyHost=<proxy_host>
-Dhttp.proxyPort=<proxy_port>
-Dhttps.proxyHost=<proxy_host>
-Dhttps.proxyPort=<proxy_port>
# -Dhttp.proxyUser=<proxy_username>
# -Dhttp.proxyPassword=<proxy_password>
# -Dhttps.proxyUser=<proxy_username>
# -Dhttps.proxyPassword=<proxy_password>

gradle

# %USERPROFILE%\.gradle\gradle.properties
# ~/.gradle/gradle.properties

systemProp.socks.proxyHost=<socks_host>
systemProp.socks.proxyPort=<socks_port>
#systemProp.socks.proxyUser=<socks_username>
#systemProp.socks.proxyPassword=<socks_password>
systemProp.socks.nonProxyHosts=localhost, 127.0.0.1, 127.*, 10.*, 192.168.*, 172.16.*

#systemProp.http.proxyHost=<proxy_host>
#systemProp.http.proxyPort=<proxy_port>
#systemProp.http.proxyUser=<proxy_username>
#systemProp.http.proxyPassword=<proxy_password>

#systemProp.https.proxyHost=<proxy_host>
#systemProp.https.proxyPort=<proxy_port>
#systemProp.https.proxyUser=<proxy_username>
#systemProp.https.proxyPassword=<proxy_password>

临时设置代理

# 设置忽略代理列表，不同软件要求不一样
# 通常 Windows 应用是 `;` 来分隔，Java 应用是 `,` 加空格来分隔
set no_proxy ".local;localhost;127.*;10.*;172.16.*;172.17.*;172.18.*;172.19.*;172.20.*;172.21.*;172.22.*;172.23.*;172.24.*;172.25.*;172.26.*;172.27.*;172.28.*;172.29.*;172.30.*;172.31.*;192.168.*"

配置 Visual Studio 使用指定的代理服务器访问网络open in new window

defaultProxy 元素open in new window

默认环境变量

Windows 11

# 默认Path
setx Path "%SystemRoot%\System32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\wbem;%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0;%SystemRoot%\System32\OpenSSH;" /M

开发环境配置

# 开发环境配置

# 获取和设置环境的方式

# 获取注册表环境变量

# 获取运行环境变量

# 设置环境变量

# 设置注册表环境变量

# 常用命令

# 常用开发工具配置

# Git

# JDK

# Android

# Flutter

# Windows Kit

# 代理设置

# 临时设置代理

# 默认环境变量

# Windows 11

开发环境配置

获取和设置环境的方式

获取注册表环境变量

获取运行环境变量

设置环境变量

设置注册表环境变量

常用命令

常用开发工具配置

Git

JDK

Android

Flutter

Windows Kit

代理设置

临时设置代理

默认环境变量

Windows 11